RESEARCHERS have reported new molecular evidence supporting the protective effects of sunscreen, showing that regular application can prevent many of the underlying biological changes in skin caused by repeated ultraviolet (UV) exposure. The findings suggest that photoprotection does more than reduce sunburn and cancer risk, it may also help preserve fundamental pathways linked to healthy skin function.
In the study, scientists analysed the skin of 32 female volunteers representing four Fitzpatrick phototypes. Each participant underwent repeated moderate UV exposures, with samples collected from three treatment areas: untreated skin, UV-exposed skin without protection, and UV-exposed skin pretreated with sunscreen. Researchers then conducted extensive molecular profiling, focusing on gene expression patterns and DNA methylation changes.
Photoprotection Beyond Sunburn: Preventing Invisible Molecular Damage
The results showed that unprotected UV exposure triggered widespread molecular disruption. Key pathways involved in DNA repair, immune responses, and cell-cycle regulation were significantly altered, indicating stress on the skin’s core biological systems. When these changes were mapped to the “Hallmarks of Health” framework, investigators observed broad disturbances affecting the skin’s structural integrity and resilience.
However, the application of sunscreen substantially limited these effects. Most UV-induced gene expression shifts and epigenetic alterations were prevented, and hallmark-associated pathways remained largely stable. Notably, sunscreen use appeared to block the acceleration of epigenetic ageing, a molecular marker linked to long-term tissue health, although minor residual changes were still detected.
The authors say the findings provide new insight into how photoprotection works at a molecular level. While sunscreen has long been recommended to reduce sunburn and lower the risk of skin cancer, this study highlights its role in maintaining the biological balance of skin exposed to everyday environmental stressors.
Advancing Preventive Dermatology Through Molecular Profiling
Experts believe the research could influence both clinical messaging and product development. By identifying specific pathways preserved through sunscreen use, the work may help guide future formulations aimed at enhancing long-term skin health, not just visible protection.
Overall, the study reinforces the importance of consistent sunscreen application as part of daily skincare and public health strategies, suggesting that routine photoprotection may play a critical role in safeguarding the skin’s molecular stability alongside its appearance.
Reference
Bienkowska et al. Sunscreen application substantially mitigates molecular perturbations induced by repetitive UV exposure and maintains healthy skin. Sci Rep. 2026;16:4326.
